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2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(60): 329-331, oct.-dic. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118546

RESUMO

Las llamadas telefónicas al pediatra de Atención Primaria han aumentado mucho en los últimos años. Cada vez es mayor el número de pacientes que reclama una atención inmediata para aclarar sus dudas. La llamada telefónica supone un medio inmediato, de fácil acceso, que en muchas ocasiones puede evitar visitas al centro de salud. En nuestro trabajo analizamos todas las llamadas realizadas al Servicio de Pediatría de nuestro centro de salud durante dos meses. Se registran un total de 109 llamadas, lo que supone un 3,6% de la actividad asistencial. Soluciona las dudas en el 84,4% de los casos. Los pacientes valoran con una media de 9,4 la atención recibida por el profesional que les atendió. Este sistema, por lo general, asesora, informa y permite realizar triage de casos que necesiten atención médica urgente. La consulta telefónica evita un alto porcentaje de visitas innecesarias al centro de salud, beneficiando tanto al médico como al paciente (AU)


Primary care telephone calls to the paediatrician have increased greatly in the last few years. The number of patients requesting immediate attention to clear up any doubts they have is always increasing. A telephone call is an immediate, easily accessible way that may often save visits to the health centre. We analysed all calls made to our Primary Healthcare Centre’s paediatric service during 2 months. A total of 109 calls were received what makes up 3.6% of the care provided. Patient’s doubts were solved in 84.4% of cases. Patients rated the service received by the professional who answered the calls at an average of 9.4. This system, in general, advices, informs and classifies those cases that require urgent medical attention. Telephone consultations avoid a high percentage of unnecessary visits to the Primary Healthcare Centre, benefiting both the doctor and the patient (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Entrevistas como Assunto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Assistência Integral à Saúde/tendências , Atenção à Saúde/métodos
4.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 67(9): 432-434, oct. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-81301

RESUMO

Objetivos: El heliox (mezcla de helio y oxígeno) atraviesa mejor que el oxígeno una obstrucción de la vía respiratoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la administración de heliox en el crup. Material y método: Ensayo clínico, abierto y aleatorizado, realizado entre octubre de 2006 y noviembre de 2007 en niños con crup moderado, según la puntuación de la escala de Taussig. Se administró una dosis única de dexametasona de 0,3 mg/kg por vía oral. Se aleatorizaron los pacientes en dos grupos: grupo A, de control, y grupo B, en el que se administró heliox 70/30 durante 1 hora. Se analizó la escala de Taussig y la frecuencia respiratoria al ingreso, a los 60 y a los 120 minutos, así como la necesidad de adrenalina nebulizada de rescate, la tasa de ingreso y la reconsulta en las siguientes 72 horas. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 47 pacientes, 23 en el grupo A y 24 en el grupo B. Ambos grupos eran homogéneos. La puntuación de la escala de Taussig al inicio, a los 60 y a los 120 minutos (grupo A/grupo B) fue de 6,22/6,21, 3,74/2,63(p= 0,02) y 2,17/1,46 (p= 0,17), respectivamente. La frecuencia respiratoria al inicio, a los 60 y a los 120 minutos (grupo A/grupo B) fue de 37,48/39,13, 35,61/30,67 (p= 0,04), 32,17/29 (p= 0,16),respectivamente. Precisaron adrenalina nebulizada de rescate 5 pacientes del grupo A frente a 1 paciente del grupo B (p= 0,01). Ingresaron 2 pacientes del grupo A y 1 paciente del grupo B (p= 0,609). Acudieron al servicio de urgencias en las siguientes 72 horas 2 pacientes del grupo A y 2 del grupo B (p= 1). Conclusión: El tratamiento coadyuvante con heliox a la terapia esteroidea en el crup moderado mejora la clínica de esta afección (AU)


Objectives: Heliox (a mixture of helium and oxygen) crosses an obstruction of the airways better than oxygen. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the administration of heliox in croup. Material and method: A randomized, open clinical trial carried out between October 2006 and November 2007, in children with moderate croup as per Taussig scale. A single dose of 0.3 mg/kg of dexamethasone was administered orally. The patients were randomized in two groups, control group A and group B, administering heliox 70/30 during one hour. The Taussig scale and the respiratory frequency upon admission were analyzed, 60‘ and 120‘; as well as the need of nebulized rescue adrenaline, the admission rate, and the re- consultation within the following 72 hours. Results: Forty-seven patients were included in the study; 23 in group A and 24 in group B. Both groups were homogenous. Thei nitial Taussig scale, 60‘ and 120‘ (group A/group B) was of 6.22/6.21; 3.74/2.63 (p= 0.02); 2.17/1.46 (p= 0.17) respectively. The respiratory frequency at the beginning, 60‘ and 120‘ (group A/group B) was of 37.48/39.13; 35.61/30.67 (p= 0.04); 32.17/29 (p= 0.16) respectively. Five patients from group A needed nebulized rescue adrenaline versus 1 patient from group B (p= 0.01). Two patients from group A were admitted and 1 patient from group B (p= 0.609). In the following 72 hours, 2 patients from group A and two patients from group B came to our emergency room (p= 1). Conclusion: The coadjuvant treatment with heliox to the steroid therapy in moderate croup improves the clinical results of the latter (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Crupe/tratamento farmacológico , Hélio/uso terapêutico , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Adjuvantes Farmacêuticos/uso terapêutico , Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Laringite/complicações , Traqueíte/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 68(4): 342-5, 2008 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18394377

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: End-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO(2)) is a good predictor of circulation and metabolism. There are different studies that suggest PetCO(2) monitoring is a valuable and reliable tool to follow acidosis in pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Acute gastroenteritis can cause acidosis, therefore, capnography could be useful in these situations. The objective was to determine the relationship between PetCO(2) and bicarbonate (HCO3) in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and acidosis. METHODS: Clinical, prospective, observational study from April 2006 to January 2007. Children with acute gastroenteritis and dehydration and pH < 7.30 and HCO3 < 20 meq/L in laboratory tests were included. Exclusion criteria included patients with not well tolerated capnography and respiratory illness. Initial and post treatment PetCO(2) and HCO3 were collected as well as demographic data, physical examination data, laboratory tests and hospitalization data. RESULTS: Twenty-five children were included in the final analysis (10 female, 15 male). The mean age was 11.6 + 10 months (1-144 months). The correlation between PetCO(2) and serum bicarbonate was statistically significant with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = 0.61 for initial values and r = 0.75 for post treatment values. CONCLUSIONS: Capnography offers a noninvasive measurement of acidosis in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and dehydration.


Assuntos
Monitorização Transcutânea dos Gases Sanguíneos/métodos , Gastroenterite/fisiopatologia , Acidose Respiratória/epidemiologia , Acidose Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cetoacidose Diabética/epidemiologia , Cetoacidose Diabética/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 68(4): 342-345, abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63062

RESUMO

Objetivos: El estudio del CO2 espirado mediante capnografía (PetCO2) proporciona un parámetro no invasivo del metabolismo sistémico, la perfusión y la circulación. Existen estudios que relacionan PetCO2 con el estado metabólico de pacientes pediátricos con cetoacidosis diabética. La gastroenteritis aguda es causa de acidosis metabólica, por lo que la capnografía podría ser útil en estas situaciones. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el PetCO2 y el bicarbonato (HCO3) en plasma en niños con gastroenteritis y acidosis. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo desde abril de 2006 hasta enero de 2007 con niños con deshidratación secundaria a gastroenteritis y que presentaban en la analítica un pH inferior o igual a 7,30 y un HCO3 inferior a 20 mEq/l. Se excluyeron niños con mala tolerancia del capnógrafo y con patología pulmonar de base. Las variables recogidas fueron PetCO2 y HCO3 basal y a la hora del inicio de fluidoterapia intravenosa, datos epidemiológicos, clínicos, bioquímicos y necesidad de hospitalización. Resultados: La muestra fue de 25 pacientes (10 niñas y 15 niños) con una edad media de 11,6 + 10 meses (1-144 meses). Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre PetCO2 y bicarbonato tanto basal como a la hora de la fluidoterapia intravenosa y se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson r = 0,61 y r = 0,75, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La capnografía es un método no invasivo útil para estimar el estado metabólico de pacientes pediátricos con gastroenteritis y deshidratación (AU)


Objective: End-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) is a good predictor of circulation and metabolism. There are different studies that suggest PetCO2 monitoring is a valuable and reliable tool to follow acidosis in pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Acute gastroenteritis can cause acidosis, therefore, capnography could be useful in these situations. The objective was to determine the relationship between PetCO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3) in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and acidosis. Methods: Clinical, prospective, observational study from April 2006 to January 2007. Children with acute gastroenteritis and dehydration and pH < 7.30 and HCO3 < 20 meq/L in laboratory tests were included. Exclusion criteria included patients with not well tolerated capnography and respiratory illness. Initial and post treatment PetCO2 and HCO3 were collected as well as demographic data, physical examination data, laboratory tests and hospitalization data. Results: Twenty-five children were included in the final analysis (10 female, 15 male). The mean age was 11.6 + 10 months (1-144 months). The correlation between PetCO2 and serum bicarbonate was statistically significant with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = 0.61 for initial values and r = 0.75 for post treatment values. Conclusions: Capnography offers a noninvasive measurement of acidosis in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and dehydration (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Capnografia , Gastroenterite/metabolismo , Desidratação/metabolismo , Cetoacidose Diabética/metabolismo , Doenças Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Acidose/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 67(3): 220-4, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17785158

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of streptococcal pharyngitis in patients younger than 2 years of age, and to evaluate the role of group C streptococci as a pathogenic agent in acute pharyngitis through throat culture in symptomatic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of patients with clinical symptoms of acute pharyngitis and fast detection of streptococcal antigen and/or exudate culture who attended the emergency department between February 2004 and February 2005. RESULTS: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) was isolated by pharyngeal culture in 85 patients aged less than 2 years (12.6%). In these patients the fast test displayed lower sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) (sensitivity: 78%; PPV: 69%, p < 0.01). Patients aged less than 2 years had a greater frequency fever, exanthema and catarrhal symptoms than older children (p < 0.01). In the younger age group, erythromycin resistance rates increased to 24.7% (p = 0.08). Group C streptococcus was isolated in 5.2% (43 patients). The most frequent reason for consultation was fever (74.4%) and the most common findings on examination were abnormal pharynx in 90.7%, odynophagia and adenopathies in 55.8%. Two incidence peaks (in May and September) were observed, with sporadic cases throughout the year. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, the percentage of GAS in patients aged less than 2 years was higher than that reported in other series. In this age group, the sensitivity of the fast test is lower than in other age groups and there is a higher rate of erythromycin resistance. The percentage of tonsillitis due to serotype C was also slightly higher than expected. Two peaks of incidence were observed, similar to those occurring with SGA, with sporadic cases throughout the year.


Assuntos
Faringite/epidemiologia , Faringite/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(10): 518-519, nov. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050016

RESUMO

El empleo de henna para la aplicación de tatuajes temporales es una práctica cada vez más frecuente en nuestro medio. La henna negra es una variante que contiene parafenilenediamina(PPD), un colorante sintético con gran poder sensibilizante usado con el fin de obtener un tinte negro y acortar el tiempo que necesita para impregnar la piel, así como aumentar su intensidad y duración


The application of temporary tattoos with henna has become increasingly popular among the general population. Black henna contains paraphenylenediamine (PPd), a synthetic dye that can cause sensitization and is used in tattooing to reduce the time required to impregnate the skin and to increase the intensity and duration of the tattoo


Assuntos
Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Tatuagem/efeitos adversos , Lawsonia (Planta)/efeitos adversos , Dermatite de Contato/etiologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Corantes/efeitos adversos
11.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(9): 458-459, oct. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050005

RESUMO

Exponemos el caso de un neonato de 48 horas de vida, que presenta irritabilidad y rechazo a los alimentos. En la exploración se pone de manifiesto un miembro inferior izquierdo doloroso a la palpación, asociado con crepitacion y rubor. Se visualiza una lesión compatible con un pinchazo en su zona central. En la radiografía se confirma la presencia de un enfisema subcutáneo posvacunal


We reportt he case of a 48-hour-old male infant who presented with irritability and food refusal. Palpation of his lower left limb elicited pain, associated with flushing and crepitation. A lesion compatible with central zone puncture was visualized. Post-vaccination subcutaneous emphysema was confirmed by Radiographic examination


Assuntos
Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Enfisema Subcutâneo/induzido quimicamente , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/efeitos adversos , Diagnóstico Diferencial
12.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(8): 372-376, sept. 2006.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049988

RESUMO

La forma congénita de infección por Toxoplasma gondii se produce a partir de una primo infección gestacional con consecuencias en distintos órganos del feto, especialmente oculares (coriorretinitis), SNC (hidrocefalia, convulsiones) y sistémicos(hepatoesplenomegalia), aunque entre el 80 y 90% son formas subclínicas. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante estudio serológico materno, dependiendo el riesgo de infección fetal del trimestre en que se produzca la seroconversión. Debido a la ausencia de estudios sobre la eficacia del tratamiento prenatal, se administrará a la madre con primoinfección tratamiento con espiramicina hasta conocer los resultados delos estudios complementarios. Ante infección en el recién nacido, se instaurará tratamiento con pirimetamina, sulfadiazina y ácido fólico, siendo el objetivo la disminución del riesgo de secuelas a largo plazo. El cribado gestacional es uno de los puntos de controversia, ya que tanto el gasto sanitario como el nivel de falsos + es elevado. Los programas de educación sanitaria han logrado disminuir en algunos países la tasa de infección al 50%


The congenital form of Toxoplasmga ondii infection is caused by primary maternal infection, with consequences in different fetal systems, especially the ocular system (chorioretinitis) and central nervous system (hydrocephalu, seizures), as well as systemic involvement(hepatosplenomegaly), although between 80% and 90% of the resulting disorders are subclinical. The diagnosis involves maternal serology, as the risk of fetal infection depends on the trimester in which seroconversion occurs. Given the lack of studies on the efficacy of prenatal treatment, spiramycin should be administered to pregnant women with primary infection until the results of complementary studies are known. Should the new born be infected, treatment with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and folic acid should be begunin the attempt to reduce the risk of long-term sequelae. Prenatal screening is a controversial issue since both the health care costs and rate of false positives are high. In some countries, health education programs have resulted in a decrease in the rate of infection of 50%


Assuntos
Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Toxoplasmose Congênita , Toxoplasma/patogenicidade , Toxoplasmose/transmissão , Espiramicina/uso terapêutico , Pirimetamina/uso terapêutico , Sulfadiazina/uso terapêutico , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico
13.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(8): 405-407, sept. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049996

RESUMO

La larva migrans cutánea es una dermatosis infecciosa causada por las larvas de un gusano nematodo que produce una erupción cutánea serpiginosa. El Ancyclostoma braziliense es el nematodo que más a menudo lo produce. El diagnóstico de esta dermatosis es fundamentalmente clínico. Es una enfermedad endémica de países tropicales, pero cada vez se observa más en nuestro medio, debido al incremento de los viajes turísticos a estos países y a la inmigración. A continuación, presentamos el caso de un niño con una lesión serpiginosa en tobillo tras un viaje a un país endémico


Cutaneous larva migrans is a parasitic disease caused by larvae of nematodes that produces a serpiginous rash. Ancylostoma braziliense is the most common origin. The diagnosis of this disease is based on the clinical findings. Cutaneous larva migrans is endemic in tropical countries, but the incidence has increased in other parts of the world due to the rise in tourism and immigration. We report the case of a child who developed a serpiginous rash on his leg after visiting a country in which this disease is endemic


Assuntos
Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Larva Migrans/diagnóstico , Ancylostoma/patogenicidade , Tornozelo/parasitologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial
16.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 63(11): 483-486, dic. 2005. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042131

RESUMO

En los últimos años, se ha triplicado la presencia de medusas en nuestros mares, sobre todo en las costas mediterráneas. En el verano de 2005 se ha intensificado el número de picaduras o envenenamientos causados por estos animales marinos. Se piensa, aunque no existe evidencia científica suficiente, que dicho aumento en el número de casos, así como en la gravedad e intensidad de las lesiones, están relacionados con el incremento de la temperatura de las aguas, desde las costas catalanas hasta Cádiz, debido al menor aflujo de agua de los ríos a causa de la importante sequía que sufre nuestro país. En relación con años anteriores, el número de casos de picadura de medusa se ha triplicado. En las costas de Granada se han producido durante el verano de 2005 más de 1.400 asistencias por esta picadura cada fin de semana, lo que ha supuesto cerca del 10% de todas las urgencias atendidas en la comarca. Se presenta, a continuación, el caso de un varón de 16 años que, mientras se bañaba en las playas de Ibiza, sufrió de forma brusca una sensación de quemazón en la región dorsal izquierda, secundaria a picadura de medusa


In recent years, the presence of jellyfish in our seas has tripled, especially in Mediterranean coastal waters. This past summer, the number of stings, or envenomations, caused by these marine animals has grown. Although there is not enough scientific evidence to prove it, it is thought that this increase in the number of cases, as well as the seriousness and severity of the lesions, is related to the rise in the temperature of the coastal waters from Catalonia to Cadiz. This is due to the reduced affluence of water from the rivers owing to the severe drought to which Spain is being subjected. The number of cases has tripled with respect to previous years. During the summer of 2005, in the coastal waters of Granada, more than 1400 jellyfish stings were treated every weekend, an incidence that constitutes nearly 10% of all the requests for emergency care in that region. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy who, while bathing at a beach in Ibiza, experienced a sudden burning sensation in the left dorsal region caused by the sting of a jellyfish


Assuntos
Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Venenos de Cnidários/efeitos adversos , Cnidários/patogenicidade , Poluição das Praias
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